The Philosophy of Everything
11th December, 2006
Bibhas Acharya
Kathmandu, Nepal
─ ─ w t w ─ ─
It was in the winter of year 2001 that, a thirteen-year-old, I promised myself to embark on an intellectual quest to the centre of the universe. Tired of asking myself where or why I exist, and baffling my mind each time, I wanted then, more than ever, to know. I was fascinated by the vastness of the world around, and as though a cowboy trying to break a wild horse, I wanted to conquer its glory.
Even as a kid, I felt overwhelmed when I pondered over my existence. Analogous to the fact that my house is in Kathmandu and Kathmandu is in Nepal, the universe had to be somewhere and I desperately wanted to figure out its location. Many-a-times, I thought of the possibility of the Sun and its planets as being parts of atoms from an entirely different world. I imagined myself as an "atomic-level being" of another world infinitely bigger than ours. May be we could be a part of an atom in a mountain or perhaps be a part of another living being too. Amidst these weird feelings, I usually took a moment to look around and assess such possibilities. With a gasp, I tried to soothe myself for the thoughts that followed would be bewildering.
However, positive experiences have come my way and the past five years have been a phenomenal experience. My brain has worked fantastically as a mobile laboratory helping me in my never-ending research to sample the environment. I have not only read but also looked around extensively and tried to study nature. All these direct as well as indirect observations have been an input for my research. In addition, the many physics courses that I took in the past, as a part of my school curriculum, have also helped. Influenced by the textbooks and their author's viewpoint, I have acquired a more systematic approach to researching.
I was just into my first year of heuristic research that an ingenious hunch paved way for the first few steps to my answer. In an attempt to play with the idea of black-holes and their behaviour, I figured out, though not overnight, that if I imagined our universe as composed of two elementary entities with an ever-present tendency to unite, I would be able to explain almost anything. In the pages to follow, I shall talk to you about my findings and how they collaborate to create the truth, my long awaited answer.
1. Assumptions
Like any hypothesis, The Philosophy of Everything too is largely a set of claims and assumptions. In the process of comprehending the world around, I have made several assumptions that will simultaneously be listed and described in this chapter.
Assumptions to this paper are as rules to any game. The theory is insufficient without them and, as you may notice later, it will rely heavily on them to gain both momentum and credibility. Below are the main assumptions for the theory:
Assumption 1: Any universe is built out of fundamental entities called elementary particles.
Elementary Particles are the building blocks of a universe.
Assumption 2: Any universe is composed of limited types of elementary particles, each of which is unique to the universe that contains it.
Any universe is composed of at least two or more types of elementary particles. Just as a house is built from certain types of building materials like wood, bricks, cement, and gravel, a universe too is built out of many types of elementary particles. For instance, a "Universe 1" may be composed of two types of elementary particles while another '"Universe 2" may be composed of five, six or even ten types of elementary particles.
Having said that every universe contains certain type of elementary particles, it has to be noted that each type of elementary particles is unique to the universe that contains it. Therefore, a "Type H" particle from "Universe 5" is found in no other universes. Similarly, a "Type J" particle from "Universe 11" is found in no other universes.
Assumption 3: An omni-directional, omni-present force exists between elementary particles in a universe.
Certain magnitude of omni-directional and far-reaching force exists between every elementary particle in a universe. Therefore, two kinds of elementary particles "Type A" and "Type B" of the same universe will experience a pull from each other. Not just this, each of those particles will also experience a force from another like particle. For example, a "Type A" particle will experience a force from another "Type A" particle and a "Type B" particle will also experience force from another "Type B" particle.
The magnitude of inter-particular forces will vary with the type of elementary particles and the universe that contains it. For example, the strength of force between a "Type A" particle and a "Type B" will differ from the magnitude of force between a "Type B" particle and another "Type B" particle. In addition, assuming that a general index of inter-particulate forces can be computed for different universes, the value will vary with every universe. Therefore, the average strength of inter-particular forces in a "Universe 3" will differ from that in another universe, for example, "Universe 4."
The inter-particulate forces are far-reaching. No matter where in the universe the elementary particles are situated, the field of force travels the whole universe and is therefore omni-present as far as the universe is concerned. Hence, it is possible for a "Type C" particle in one corner of the universe to experience a pull from a "Type G" particle located in another corner of the same universe.
Assumption 4: Inter-particulate forces are vectors.
The inter-particulate forces are vectors. For example, imagine three "Type B" particles placed side-by-side and in a row. Assuming that the magnitude of force between two "Type B" particles is λ , the total force experienced by a particle at the end of the row is 2 λ . Similarly, the total force experienced by a particle at the centre of the row is zero (the force from the other two particles cancels out each other.)
Assumption 5: In any universe, an elementary particle possesses a tendency to unite with another elementary particle.
In any universe, there is a strong inclination among the particles to unite with one another. Infact, the inter-particulate forces that exist between them is also a result of this inclination towards physical unison. Usually, the particles try to make surface-to-surface contact in the process.
Assumption 6: The field of force around all elementary particles in a universe is similar.
The field of force that envelops all type of elementary particles in a universe is always similar. For example, the type of field around a "Type A" particle is same as that of a "Type B" particle. However, this rule applies only to particles in the same universe. If for example, when we compare two elementary particles "Type A" and "Type X" from two different universes, then the field of forces around them will be different.
Assumption 7: When two different types of elementary particles react in a one-to-one ratio, a new particle is formed.
With reference to claims 3 and 5, elementary particles possess a tendency to unite with other particles in the same universe. Thanks to the force that emerges as a consequence of their inclination towards uniting, in course of time the particles get to make surface-to-surface contact with one another. If a given particle unites with a like particle then the property of the conglomeration remains the same. For example, if two "Type A" elementary particles unite, the particles still retain their former identity. However, if two unlike particles unite, for example, a "Type A" and a "Type B," the unison results in a new particle.
Assumption 8: A reaction force exists between two uniting like particles at the point of contact.
When two like particles unite, a temporary reaction force emerges between them at the time of contact. The repulsion consequently forces the particles to move away from one another. Now, with the contact no-longer existing, an attractive inter-particulate re-emerges between them.
Assumption 9: In any universe, two particles can interact with one another only if a force exists between them.
Two particles in the same universe detect each other only because a certain magnitude of force exists between them. If the force were to be absent, a particle of "Type A" would go unnoticed to another nearby particle "Type B."
Assumption 10: In any universe, all objects are built out of elementary particles and therefore inherit all of their properties.
With reference to my first assumption, we know that every object in a universe is composed of particular types of elementary particle. Having said this, I reckon it wouldn't be unfair to assume that objects built out of those elementary particles would inherit many if not all of their properties. For example, as stated in the third and fifth assumptions, elementary particles in the same universe have an inclination towards unison with an omni-present, omni-directional force involved within them. Therefore, any object built out those particles should also have a tendency to unite and have an omni-directional and far-reaching force acting between them. Likewise, "inter-object" forces themselves should also be vectors. Furthermore, an object should be able to detect other objects only if forces exist between them.
2. Philosophy of our Universe
Our universe is composed of two elementary particles called "Matter" and "Ante-Matter." Matter is what makes up everything around us. The trees, the mountains, the buildings, the human body-- everything is composed of matter. Ante-matter, on the other hand, is a rare find and will be discussed in the passages to follow.
In par with assumptions made in the first chapter, matter and anti-matter have all necessary traits that elementary particles in any other universe would possess. For example, they have a tendency to unite with each other that generates an omni-directional, omni-present force within them. They combine to form new particles and share a similar field of force. Likewise, their inter-particulate forces are also vectors.
The unison of matter and ante-matter creates a new type of particle called "lobule." [1] Since any particle other than matter and ante-matter is not a part of our universe [2], lobule too isn't and cannot be a part of our universe. Therefore the lobule, leaving ours behind, traverses to a different universe. For the sake of ease, this point on, I will call our universe the "Matteral" universe and the one to which lobule travels, the "Lobulal" universe.
The "Lobulal" universe, the one to which a lobule travels is actually a universe whose one of the many elementary particles is a lobule. That is, just like matters and ante-matters in our universe, lobules in the Lobulal universe are an elementary particle, a fundamental entity. Although it cannot be said for certain, the Lobulal universe too should contain other elementary particles beside lobules, for example, ante-lobules. If an ante-lobule and a lobule happen to unite, a yet another particle should emerge that like the lobule will travel to a new universe of which it is an elementary particle.
All throughout this paper we will talk about particles transiting between two or more universes. But, what does it mean to be doing so? How does a particle actually travel between two universes? To understand this, take matter and ante-matter for instance. When they fuse, they form a lobule. Since matter cannot exert pull on anything other than ante-matter, it cannot detect the presence of other particles including a lobule. Therefore, the moment a lobule is created in our universe, any matter or anti-matter stops detecting it. So, to a matter nearby, the uniting matter and ante-matter will seem to disappear all of a sudden.
2.1 Life of a Universe
To say that a universe is an "outer universe" or "mother universe" to another universe is to mean that the elementary particles of the latter combine to form one of the elementary particles of the former. For example, matter and ante-matter of the Matteral Universe combine to form the Lobule of the Lobulal Universe. Thus, Lobulal Universe is an "Outer Universe" or a "Mother Universe" to our universe. Similarly, a universe is an "Inner universe" to another universe if one of the elementary particles of the latter is composed of the elementary particles of the former. For example, Lobules of the Lobulal Universe is composed of matter and ante-matter from the Matteral Universe. Therefore, our universe is an "Inner Universe" to the Lobulal Universe.
A universe takes birth when certain physical circumstances in an outer universe forces one of its elementary particles to split into two or more types of particles. In this process the particles thus formed enter a new universe leaving the mother universe behind. Assuming that similar physical circumstances continue to prevail in the mother universe, the elementary particles in the inner universe too continue to repel each other. However, as the conditions in the mother universe better or any physical circumstances cease to exist, the particles in the inner universe begin to attract each another again. As a result, a tendency to reunite emerges. Slowly, the elementary entities fuse with one another and return to the outer universe or their mother universe.
A universe undergoes two major phases in its lifetime. The first phase continues until the abnormal circumstances in the mother universe cease to exist. From then on, the second phase takes over and continues until all elementary particles have re-united and thus, evacuated their universe.
Our universe, the Matteral Universe, too was created in the same fashion. Due to unknown causes in the Lobulal Universe, the lobules were forced to split into matter and ante-matter. As long as any unnatural circumstances prevailed in the outer universe, matter continued to repel ante matter and vice-versa. The matter scattered all over the cosmos while the ante-matter on the other hand stayed close. When the situation in the Lobulal Universe changed, or perhaps improved, matter then started to attract ante-matter so as to reunite and return to the Lobulal universe, their mother universe.
The Matteral universe is now in its second phase of life. At this moment, the condition in the Lobulal universe has changed and therefore, even as you read this paper, matter is attracting ante-matter and vice-versa. With the course of time, more matter will unite with more ante-matter to result in tremendous amount of lobule formation. These lobules will return to their universe and the Matteral universe will slowly empty itself.
I started out early in this chapter with a perspective that lobules are a product of the unison of matter and anti-matter. Although true, it is the lobules that first produce matter and ante-matter, and so the entire phenomenon of lobule formation has to be perceived from a reverse direction. After all, it is only in the second phase in our universe's life that the unison of matter and ante-matter re-creates a lobule.
2.2 Ante-matter and the Black Hole Phenomenon
Black Holes are considered by modern scientists to be remnants of dead stars that were at least three times bigger than the present-day sun. However, this hypothesis rejects such understanding regardless of the fact that such claims could have already been systematically verified. The reason behind this stubbornness arises from the fact that black-hole behaviours share a great deal of congruency with the projected behaviour of ante-matters from this hypothesis.
A Black hole is cluster of ante-matter. When a bulk of matter approaches a black hole and finally touches the so called "Event Horizon," bits of matter closer to the black hole comes in contact with the ante-matter towards the face of the black hole. As soon as the two elementary particles fuse, they turn into a lobule and return to the Lobulal Universe. As more matter attain close proximity with the black hole and touch the "event horizon," more lobules are created. To an observer outside, the matter will seem to be entering the black hole. In actuality however, the matter just fuses with the ante-matter, turns into a lobule and transits to the Lobulal universe.
For easy understanding, Black hole phenomenon can be compared to what I call the "Heated Pan Model". Take for an instance that you have a strongly heated steel pan held with the base of the pan facing up. Now assume that in a dim light you start to pour water on it. Given that the pan is very hot, the water should immediately vaporize as soon as it touches the pan. To any observer unaware that the pan is heated, it may seem to him that the water actually enters the pan. Due to dim light, vapour released is invisible and the observer is led to making false conclusions. As in the case of black holes, what is observed here is far from being the truth.
3. The Philosophy of Gravity, Light and Life
Although both stages in a universe's life are important, the second phase is far more eventful than the first. While in the first stage, elementary particles continuously repel each other, in the second stage the very particles (or objects they form) develop an urge to reunite. A sense of disequilibrium emerges in them and this creates a situation of chaos. This further gives rise to complications and makes way for several celestial activities and life-processes.
3.1 Gravity
The first of many processes taking place in the second phase is that of object formation. Following the end of the first stage, the only substances existing in a universe are the elementary particles. However, with the second phase, inter-particular forces emerge in them and this allows for interactions. If the interacting particles are unlike particles, then the conglomeration forms a new particle. However, if the interacting particles are like particles, they simply add up to create an object.
Contrary to what assumption eight may say, particles in an object manage to stay intact. Referring to assumption four, the total attractive force experienced by a particle is the vector sum of forces from every individual particle in the object. However, the only repulsive force acting on the particle comes from the few other particles that it is in physical contact with. Therefore, the total attractive force on a particle in any object is always greater than the repulsive force acting on it. Attractions easily surpass the repulsion, and like particles are able to hold on to each other thus form an object.
Gravitational pull from any object, big or small, is the result of vector addition of inter-particular forces. Take for instance a planet that contains infinite numbers of elementary particles. For another body standing on its surface, the total force experienced is the sum of all the inter-particulate forces from particles inside the planet. Although the magnitudes of individual forces are negligible, the addition results in tremendous amount of force acting on the object called "gravity." This phenomenon is applicable to stars, planets, galaxies, nebulae and any other celestial body in our universe.
3.2 Light
Light is an array of free elementary particles. They are particles that have escaped from the bounds of a conglomeration and freely dwell the space in search of other elementary particles. Although any particle in a universe can detect forces from other particles, particles escaped as light are particularly swift at responding to such attractions.
Particles in beam of light travel in straight lines to other particles/objects located in the universe. Take for example that a source of light is situated in point "X" of a universe. Suppose that that an object is situated in a point "Y" in the same universe. Then, the light released from the source will travel in a straight line to the object. When the particle nears the object and collides with it, a momentary repulsive force emerges at the point of contact and therefore, the light rebounds. Now assuming that there is another object/particle in point "Z" of the universe, the reflected light will travel to that object/particle.
As the previous passage hints, light only travels to places where there are elementary particles/objects. Take for instance a universe that contains only two small objects one of which is a source of light. Now, given that the source begins to emit light, the light will direct itself to the matter. Assume further that we are able to enter that universe and see the two objects from different views; we will see that all the light radiated from the source will travel to object. Unlike our present understanding, it will not spread around evenly. The rays will not scatter all over the space and travel in all directions.
3.2.1 Our universe and light
When a star or a light bulb releases light, the "light matter" will swiftly respond to the pull from all matter around it. Take for example a bulb in a room. When light is released, it travels to the matter in the walls, in the furniture, in the decors and so on. As soon as it touches their surface, some penetrate the surfaces while other collides with matter on the surface and reflect back. The reflected light then travels to the nearby matter.
The process of reflection and absorption of light continues until the light enters a black hole. Imagine the black hole as if it were a sink. Light continuously gets absorbed and reflected all over the universe. When it finally nears a black hole, the "light matter" combines with an ante-matter to form a lobule.
An important deduction that can be made from the previous passage is that "light matter" is a nascent form of matter. Although there are many microscopic objects in a universe, they are all conglomerations of matter. Even gases are conglomerations of matter. But, light on the other hand is one of the few occurrences where matter can be found in its unitary form.
3.3 Life
As discussed earlier, there is a tendency among the elementary particles to reunite in the second phase of in a universe's life. Therefore, all processes taking place here are directed towards attaining unison. For example, matter and anti-matter develop a desire to fuse and return to the Lobulal Universe by transforming into a lobule. Therefore, every activity of matter is directed towards wanting to reach the black hole and involve in lobule formation.
Forces are vectors. Given that bulks of matter exist in a universe, the net gravitational force they create is of a significant value. Assuming that that many of such conglomerations are in close proximity, certain arrangements and positions create an equilibrium position (of forces). Therefore, matters very often get bounded in a system that prevents them from escaping to a black hole.
When objects get bounded into such inescapable systems, they need to device a method to escape. In this process, the inter-particulate attraction instigates objects/particles to develop processes that would enable them to escape. Two of these processes are life and light.
The Solar system is one of such systems where the gigantic sun single handedly binds all the planets into its gravity. Similarly, the sun too is bound into a system of other stars that prevent it from escaping. To escape from the system, the sun uses light to radiate its matter. Although the rate of matter released is very slow with light, it is nonetheless effective in playing its role.
4. The General Philosophy
By this point, we have talked a lot about universes and the objects they contain. We have made description about our universe and several universal phenomenons. We have taken our discussion from elementary particles and their properties to objects they make up and the universes that sustain them. However, despite the volume of discussion made, we have yet to answer few important questions. The first, and probably the most important, question is: Where do universes exist? To answer this, it is essential to introduce a new term- the "World."
The world is an endless stretch of volume that contains universes. It can be imagined as a carton box with many universes packed into it. If every universe is a set of unique objects, the world is the union of all those sets. Otherwise put, if the world is one big collection of objects and particles, every universe is its sub-set.
Another question yet to be answered is: How do many universes fit into one single world? To be able to answer this question, we must have to view the universe from an entirely different perspective.
The universe, as we like to think, is an endless stretch of darkness that contains galaxies, nebulas, stars and other heavenly bodies. If the reality were to be a function with two variables-- the universe and the objects it contains, our perception would lead us to assuming the universe as an independent variable and the objects a dependent variable. After all, the universe around us seems to contain those objects and it seems as if the objects inside have take refuge in the vastness of the gigantic universe.
No comments:
Post a Comment